

Charles Fred HEMMELGARN

( = Descendancy chart to this point,
= Expand,
= Collapse)
- 1 Charles Fred HEMMELGARN [1] b. 8 Jul 1867 d. 14 Dec 1947
Philomena M GOETTEMOELLER b. 12 Feb 1874 d. 25 Apr 1956
- 2 Olive B HEMMELGARN [1.1]
b. 1899 d. 1999
Aloys H HUWER b. 8 Jan 1898 d. 1 Mar 1988
- 3 Alma Mary HUWER [1.1.1]
b. 13 Jan 1924
Wallace William SWEETERMAN b. 21 Oct 1925
- 4 John James SWEETERMAN [1.1.1.1]
Shellie Lynn WHITE
- 5 Matthew James SWEETERMAN [1.1.1.1.1]
- 5 Sara Katherine SWEETERMAN [1.1.1.1.2]
- 5 Joseph Andrew SWEETERMAN [1.1.1.1.3]
- 5 Jennifer Elizabeth SWEETERMAN [1.1.1.1.4]
- 5 Matthew James SWEETERMAN [1.1.1.1.1]
- 4 Karen Ann SWEETERMAN [1.1.1.2]
Steven Michael FRAME
- 5 Timothy Michael FRAME [1.1.1.2.1]
- 5 Emily Elizabeth FRAME [1.1.1.2.2]
- 5 Timothy Michael FRAME [1.1.1.2.1]
- 4 Mark William SWEETERMAN [1.1.1.3]
Nancy Joann SMITH
- 5 Melissa Marie SWEETERMAN [1.1.1.3.1]
- 5 David William SWEETERMAN [1.1.1.3.2]
- 5 Allison Renee SWEETERMAN [1.1.1.3.3]
- 5 Melissa Marie SWEETERMAN [1.1.1.3.1]
- 4 Linda Marie SWEETERMAN [1.1.1.4]
Bryan Edward LITTLE
- 5 Andrew Robert LITTLE [1.1.1.4.1]
- 5 Stuart Wallace LITTLE [1.1.1.4.2]
- 5 Andrew Robert LITTLE [1.1.1.4.1]
- 4 Thomas Norbert SWEETERMAN [1.1.1.5]
Kathleen Anne CONNELLY
- 5 Molly Anne SWEETERMAN [1.1.1.5.1]
- 5 Lisa Marie SWEETERMAN [1.1.1.5.2]
- 5 Molly Anne SWEETERMAN [1.1.1.5.1]
- 4 John James SWEETERMAN [1.1.1.1]
- 3 Irene HUWER [1.1.2]
- 3 Dolores C HUWER [1.1.3]
b. 1 Jun 1928 d. 2 Feb 2020
Ulrich LUTTMER
- 4 Eric LUTTMER [1.1.3.1]
Shirley STAMMEN
- 5 Justin LUTTMER [1.1.3.1.1]
Brooke
- 6 Adelia LUTTMER [1.1.3.1.1.1]
- 6 Adelia LUTTMER [1.1.3.1.1.1]
- 5 Gretchen LUTTMER [1.1.3.1.2]
- 5 Karissa LUTTMER [1.1.3.1.3]
Chris BOWMAN
- 6 Hayden BOWMAN [1.1.3.1.3.1]
- 6 Liam BOWMAN [1.1.3.1.3.2]
- 6 Hayden BOWMAN [1.1.3.1.3.1]
- 5 Justin LUTTMER [1.1.3.1.1]
- 4 Jane LUTTMER [1.1.3.2]
Joseph BOECKMAN
- 5 Karissa BOECKMAN [1.1.3.2.1]
- 5 Erin BOECKMAN [1.1.3.2.2]
- 5 Elizabeth BOECKMAN [1.1.3.2.3]
- 5 Karissa BOECKMAN [1.1.3.2.1]
- 4 Mary LUTTMER [1.1.3.3]
Bruce JAMES
- 5 Gabe JAMES [1.1.3.3.1]
Nikki
- 6 Rayna JAMES [1.1.3.3.1.1]
- 6 Carly JAMES [1.1.3.3.1.2]
- 6 Rayna JAMES [1.1.3.3.1.1]
- 5 Leana JAMES [1.1.3.3.2]
- 5 Gabe JAMES [1.1.3.3.1]
- 4 Eric LUTTMER [1.1.3.1]
- + Norbert A GELS b. 20 Jul 1917 d. 16 Jul 2012
- 3 Willard HUWER [1.1.4]
Rita POHL
- 4 Diane HUWER [1.1.4.1]
Bruce MOELLER
- 5 Kevin MOELLER [1.1.4.1.1]
- 5 Craig MOELLER [1.1.4.1.2]
- 5 Jeff MOELLER [1.1.4.1.3]
- 5 Mark MOELLER [1.1.4.1.4]
- 5 Kevin MOELLER [1.1.4.1.1]
- 4 David HUWER [1.1.4.2]
Denise M WELLMAN b. 1963
- 5 Jason HUWER [1.1.4.2.1]
- 5 Ryan HUWER [1.1.4.2.2]
- 5 Jessica HUWER [1.1.4.2.3]
- 5 Matthew Michael HUWER [1.1.4.2.4]
b. 3 Mar 1992
- 5 Jason HUWER [1.1.4.2.1]
- 4 Joyce HUWER [1.1.4.3]
Ted VEHORN
- 5 Kendra VEHORN [1.1.4.3.1]
- 5 Kristen VEHORN [1.1.4.3.2]
- 5 Kendra VEHORN [1.1.4.3.1]
- 4 James HUWER [1.1.4.4]
- 4 Mark Joseph HUWER [1.1.4.5]
b. 20 Feb 1965 d. 4 Mar 1965
- 4 Diane HUWER [1.1.4.1]
- 3 Harold HUWER [1.1.5]
- + Thelma
- + Thelma
- 3 Joan HUWER [1.1.6]
- 3 Alma Mary HUWER [1.1.1]
- 2 Catherine HEMMELGARN [1.2]
b. 24 Jul 1901 d. 22 Apr 1966
August J BUDDE b. 6 Aug 1899 d. 27 Jan 1969
- 3 Esther M BUDDE [1.2.1]
b. 5 Jul 1926 d. 9 Jul 2018
John H HESS b. 24 Jun 1924 d. 23 Jun 2013
- 4 Ronald HESS [1.2.1.1]
- 4 Richard HESS [1.2.1.2]
- 4 Kenneth HESS [1.2.1.3]
- 4 Gary HESS [1.2.1.4]
- + Marjorie
- + Marjorie
- 4 Charles HESS [1.2.1.5]
- 4 Carol HESS [1.2.1.6]
- 4 Michael Anthony HESS [1.2.1.7]
b. 1954 d. 2006
- 4 Steven Louis HESS [1.2.1.8]
b. 9 Feb 1957 d. 23 May 1962
- 4 Mary C HESS [1.2.1.9]
b. 3 Apr 1966 d. Julyv 5, 1998
- + Donnie Ray NEACE b. 1967
- + Donnie Ray NEACE b. 1967
- 4 Ronald HESS [1.2.1.1]
- 3 Eileen M BUDDE [1.2.2]
b. 7 Mar 1928 d. 9 May 2015
Robert Leander KNAPKE b. 11 Nov 1926 d. 9 Dec 2000
- 4 James W KNAPKE [1.2.2.1]
b. 24 Nov 1951 d. 29 Nov 2021
Kendra FARK
- 5 Kelly KNAPKE [1.2.2.1.1]
Karl LECKRONE
- 6 Clara LECKRONE [1.2.2.1.1.1]
- 6 Ruby LECKRONE [1.2.2.1.1.2]
- 6 Clara LECKRONE [1.2.2.1.1.1]
- 5 Kelly KNAPKE [1.2.2.1.1]
- 4 Donald KNAPKE [1.2.2.2]
- + Shannon
- + Shannon
- 4 Janet KNAPKE [1.2.2.3]
- 4 Sharon KNAPKE [1.2.2.4]
- 4 John KNAPKE [1.2.2.5]
- 4 Sandy KNAPKE [1.2.2.6]
- + Tony John RINDLER b. 1966
- + Tony John RINDLER b. 1966
- 4 James W KNAPKE [1.2.2.1]
- 3 Thomas I BUDDE [1.2.3]
Rosella WOLTERS b. 14 Sep 1932 d. 10 Apr 2010
- 4 Kevin BUDDE [1.2.3.1]
- + Juli
- + Juli
- 4 Mark BUDDE [1.2.3.2]
- + Jodi
- + Jodi
- 4 Paula BUDDE [1.2.3.3]
- 4 Karen BUDDE [1.2.3.4]
- 4 Jill BUDDE [1.2.3.5]
- + FREUND
- + FREUND
- 4 Kevin BUDDE [1.2.3.1]
- + Marguerite
- 3 Ruth BUDDE [1.2.4]
Anthony J YOUNGPETER b. 15 Jun 1926 d. 10 Jun 2013
- 4 Thomas YOUNGPETER [1.2.4.1]
- 4 Gene Michael YOUNGPETER [1.2.4.2]
- + Mary Ann
- + Mary Ann
- 4 Barbara YOUNGPETER [1.2.4.3]
Neil RIBLEY
- 5 Craig RIBLEY [1.2.4.3.1]
- 5 Travis RIBLEY [1.2.4.3.2]
- + Nickey
- + Nickey
- 5 Craig RIBLEY [1.2.4.3.1]
- 4 Thomas YOUNGPETER [1.2.4.1]
- 3 Marie BUDDE [1.2.5]
- + Wilfred Edward YOUNGPETER b. 4 Jul 1928 d. 24 Sep 2001
- + Wilfred Edward YOUNGPETER b. 4 Jul 1928 d. 24 Sep 2001
- 3 Alice BUDDE [1.2.6]
- 3 Roselyn C BUDDE [1.2.7]
b. 28 Feb 1942 d. 26 Jul 2023
- + Robert KUNEMUND b. 1938 d. 1995
- + Robert KUNEMUND b. 1938 d. 1995
- 3 Norma Jean BUDDE [1.2.8]
b. 22 Aug 1938 d. 5 Mar 2017
David A SEGER b. 4 Dec 1936 d. 19 Jun 1993
- 4 Douglas SEGER [1.2.8.1]
- 4 Theresa SEGER [1.2.8.2]
Michael DAVIS
- 5 Zachary DAVIS [1.2.8.2.1]
- 5 Jacob DAVIS [1.2.8.2.2]
- 5 Zachary DAVIS [1.2.8.2.1]
- 4 Steven SEGER [1.2.8.3]
- + Ubonrat
- + Ubonrat
- 4 Jayne SEGER [1.2.8.4]
Tim HOWARD
- 5 Jesse HOWARD [1.2.8.4.1]
- 5 Kyle HOWARD [1.2.8.4.2]
- 5 Jesse HOWARD [1.2.8.4.1]
- 4 Catherine SEGER [1.2.8.5]
Robin BERNHOLT
- 5 Eric BERNHOLT [1.2.8.5.1]
JoAnn
- 6 Kate BERNHOLT [1.2.8.5.1.1]
- 6 Ben BERNHOLT [1.2.8.5.1.2]
- 6 Kate BERNHOLT [1.2.8.5.1.1]
- 5 Eric BERNHOLT [1.2.8.5.1]
- 4 Douglas SEGER [1.2.8.1]
- 3 Ivo BUDDE [1.2.9]
- 3 Martha BUDDE [1.2.10]
b. 26 Oct 1940
Melvin J OLBERDING b. 6 Apr 1936 d. 24 Jun 2002
- 4 Matthew OLBERDING [1.2.10.1]
b. 23 Feb 1973
Julie BURKE
- 5 Ethan OLBERDING [1.2.10.1.1]
- 5 Emma OLBERDING [1.2.10.1.2]
- 5 Ethan OLBERDING [1.2.10.1.1]
- 4 Matthew OLBERDING [1.2.10.1]
- 3 Esther M BUDDE [1.2.1]
- 2 Paul Gregory HEMMELGARN [1.3]
b. 11 Sep 1904 d. 9 Jan 1998
Mary Catherine SCHWIETERMAN b. 6 Apr 1905 d. 18 Nov 1983
- 3 Paul Robert HEMMELGARN [1.3.1]
b. 29 Jul 1928 d. 2018
Rosemary BURGMEIER b. 4 May 1929
- 4 Pamela Ann HEMMELGARN [1.3.1.1]
Wayne James GRILLOT
- 5 Michelle Lynn GRILLOT [1.3.1.1.1]
- 5 Melissa Ann GRILLOT [1.3.1.1.2]
- 5 Marisa Renee GRILLOT [1.3.1.1.3]
- 5 Michelle Lynn GRILLOT [1.3.1.1.1]
- 4 Steven Michael HEMMELGARN [1.3.1.2]
Ruth Ann STACHLER b. 18 May 1953 d. 24 Oct 1995
- 5 Heather Marie HEMMELGARN [1.3.1.2.1]
- 5 Holly Lynn HEMMELGARN [1.3.1.2.2]
- 5 Heidi Ann HEMMELGARN [1.3.1.2.3]
- 5 Heather Marie HEMMELGARN [1.3.1.2.1]
- 4 Pamela Ann HEMMELGARN [1.3.1.1]
- + Wanda
- 3 Paul Robert HEMMELGARN [1.3.1]
- 2 Cecelia J HEMMELGARN [1.4]
b. 20 Nov 1908 d. 8 May 2006
Andrew August ALBERS b. 21 Feb 1908 d. 6 May 1966
- 3 Charlene ALBERS [1.4.1]
Herbert A HOMAN b. 5 Mar 1946 d. 24 Jan 2019
- 4 Todd HOMAN [1.4.1.1]
- + Michele
- + Michele
- 4 Jeffery Alan HOMAN [1.4.1.2]
Tara Anne GEISE
- 5 Zachary Alan HOMAN [1.4.1.2.1]
- 5 Madison Lee HOMAN [1.4.1.2.2]
- 5 Shane William HOMAN [1.4.1.2.3]
- 5 Zachary Alan HOMAN [1.4.1.2.1]
- 4 Deb HOMAN [1.4.1.3]
- 4 Amy HOMAN [1.4.1.4]
- 4 Ken HOMAN [1.4.1.5]
- + Pam
- + Pam
- 4 Todd HOMAN [1.4.1.1]
- 3 Rita M ALBERS [1.4.2]
b. 9 Aug 1934 d. 17 Jan 2004
Alvin Lawrence BARLAGE b. 1931 d. 2015
- 4 Anthony A. BARLAGE [1.4.2.1]
Kristine Donna POHLMAN
- 5 Donna Jean BARLAGE [1.4.2.1.1]
- 5 Malinda BARLAGE [1.4.2.1.2]
- 5 Donna Jean BARLAGE [1.4.2.1.1]
- 4 Theodore BARLAGE [1.4.2.2]
- + Linda
- + Linda
- 4 Brenda Marie BARLAGE [1.4.2.3]
b. 23 Aug 1967 d. 8 Jun 2023
- 4 Brian BARLAGE [1.4.2.4]
b. 23 Aug 1967
Traci HILGEFORT b. 23 Jun 1972
- 5 Karlee Ann BARLAGE [1.4.2.4.1]
b. 26 Mar 1999
- 5 Allie Lyn BARLAGE [1.4.2.4.2]
b. 21 Sep 2001
- 5 Karlee Ann BARLAGE [1.4.2.4.1]
- 4 Tressa BARLAGE [1.4.2.5]
- 4 Steven BARLAGE [1.4.2.6]
- + Tricia
- + Tricia
- 4 Anthony A. BARLAGE [1.4.2.1]
- 3 Elizabeth L ALBERS [1.4.3]
b. 14 Nov 1935 d. 24 Feb 2010
Richard B SCHULZE b. 23 Feb 1929 d. 6 Nov 2013
- 4 Mary Ann SCHULZE [1.4.3.1]
- 4 Lawrence SCHULZE [1.4.3.2]
- 4 Patricia SCHULZE [1.4.3.3]
- 4 Roger SCHULZE [1.4.3.4]
- + Pam
- + Pam
- 4 Eugene SCHULZE [1.4.3.5]
Laura GEHRET
- 5 Brian SCHULZE [1.4.3.5.1]
Krista
- 6 Isaiah SCHULZE [1.4.3.5.1.1]
- 6 Caleb SCHULZE [1.4.3.5.1.2]
- 6 Priya SCHULZE [1.4.3.5.1.3]
- 6 Isaiah SCHULZE [1.4.3.5.1.1]
- 5 Nathen SCHULZE [1.4.3.5.2]
- 5 Trisha SCHULZE [1.4.3.5.3]
Cody SCHMIESING
- 6 Marie Anne SCHMIESING [1.4.3.5.3.1]
b. 16 Apr 2020 d. 16 Apr 2020
- 6 Marie Anne SCHMIESING [1.4.3.5.3.1]
- 5 Brian SCHULZE [1.4.3.5.1]
- 4 Mary Ann SCHULZE [1.4.3.1]
- 3 Mary F ALBERS [1.4.4]
b. 1943
Fred Louis SCHMITZ b. 29 Jul 1941 d. 20 Jun 2017
- 4 Kathy SCHMITZ [1.4.4.1]
- 4 Diane SCHMITZ [1.4.4.2]
- 4 Doug SCHMITZ [1.4.4.3]
- 4 Steve Charles SCHMITZ [1.4.4.4]
Amy Ann HUBER
- 5 Alexis Jennifer SCHMITZ [1.4.4.4.1]
- 5 Lydia Jame SCHMITZ [1.4.4.4.2]
- 5 Alexis Jennifer SCHMITZ [1.4.4.4.1]
- 4 Greg SCHMITZ [1.4.4.5]
- + Julie
- + Julie
- 4 Kathy SCHMITZ [1.4.4.1]
- 3 Sr Ann Cecelia ALBERS [1.4.5]
- 3 Robert J ALBERS [1.4.6]
b. 1937
Barbara Ann BORGERDING b. 1 May 1938 d. 27 Oct 1978
- 4 Michael ALBERS [1.4.6.1]
- + Cheryl
- + Cheryl
- 4 Wanda ALBERS [1.4.6.2]
- 4 Virginia ALBERS [1.4.6.3]
- 4 Karl ALBERS [1.4.6.4]
- + Nancy
- + Nancy
- 4 Rose ALBERS [1.4.6.5]
- 4 Michael ALBERS [1.4.6.1]
- + Joann M WENDELN b. 8 Oct 1938 d. 18 Jan 2017
- 3 James ALBERS [1.4.7]
- 3 Marilyn ALBERS [1.4.8]
- 3 Charlene ALBERS [1.4.1]
- 2 Justin HEMMELGARN [1.5]
b. 1911 d. 11 Dec 1936
- 2 Albert F HEMMELGARN [1.6]
b. 28 Oct 1914 d. 27 Nov 1982
Alvina E STUCKE b. 17 Jul 1918 d. 17 Jun 2005
- 3 Charles HEMMELGARN [1.6.1]
- + Karen
- + Karen
- 3 Lowell HEMMELGARN [1.6.2]
- + Tina
- + Tina
- 3 Nicholas J HEMMELGARN [1.6.3]
b. 26 Aug 1950 d. 27 Sep 2017
Mary Ann WENNING
- 4 Bradley HEMMELGARN [1.6.3.1]
- 4 Barbara HEMMELGARN [1.6.3.2]
- 4 Bradley HEMMELGARN [1.6.3.1]
- 3 Sue Ann HEMMELGARN [1.6.4]
- 3 Charles HEMMELGARN [1.6.1]
- 2 Bernard J HEMMELGARN [1.7]
b. 16 Jan 1917 d. 19 Feb 2014
Alvina M OVERMAN b. 27 Feb 1917 d. 20 Jun 2009
- 3 Carol Ann HEMMELGARN [1.7.1]
James F OPPERMAN b. 25 Nov 1938 d. 26 Feb 2023
- 4 Pam OPPERMAN [1.7.1.1]
Jay BERGMAN
- 5 Mitch BERGMAN [1.7.1.1.1]
- + Brooke
- + Brooke
- 5 Mitch BERGMAN [1.7.1.1.1]
- 4 Elizabeth OPPERMAN [1.7.1.2]
Michael WENTE
- 5 Marcus WENTE [1.7.1.2.1]
- + Amy
- + Amy
- 5 Courtney WENTE [1.7.1.2.2]
- 5 Danielle WENTE [1.7.1.2.3]
- 5 Marcus WENTE [1.7.1.2.1]
- 4 Steve OPPERMAN [1.7.1.3]
- 4 Sandy OPPERMAN [1.7.1.4]
- 4 Jenny OPPERMAN [1.7.1.5]
Michael ALLEN
- 5 Caleb ALLEN [1.7.1.5.1]
- + Katie
- + Katie
- 5 Jake ALLEN [1.7.1.5.2]
- 5 Ryan ALLEN [1.7.1.5.3]
- + Kalyn
- + Kalyn
- 5 Caleb ALLEN [1.7.1.5.1]
- 4 Josh OPPERMAN [1.7.1.6]
Amy
- 5 Logan OPPERMAN [1.7.1.6.1]
- 5 Megan OPPERMAN [1.7.1.6.2]
- 5 Taylor OPPERMAN [1.7.1.6.3]
- 5 Logan OPPERMAN [1.7.1.6.1]
- 4 Pam OPPERMAN [1.7.1.1]
- 3 Marlene HEMMELGARN [1.7.2]
Lawrence PRENGER
- 4 Jane Susan PRENGER [1.7.2.1]
- 4 Anne PRENGER [1.7.2.2]
b. 4 Apr 1967
David PUTHOFF b. 22 Jun 1966
- 5 Robert Lawrence PUTHOFF [1.7.2.2.1]
b. 16 Mar 1991
Mallory Ann BARHORST b. 10 Sep 1991
- 6 Garret Lee PUTHOFF [1.7.2.2.1.1]
b. 21 Mar 2016
- 6 Cora PUTHOFF [1.7.2.2.1.2]
- 6 August PUTHOFF [1.7.2.2.1.3]
- 6 Garret Lee PUTHOFF [1.7.2.2.1.1]
- 5 Katelyn PUTHOFF [1.7.2.2.2]
b. 9 Feb 1994
Aegis OSWALT
- 6 Jude OSWALT [1.7.2.2.2.1]
- 6 Ezra OSWALT [1.7.2.2.2.2]
- 6 Jude OSWALT [1.7.2.2.2.1]
- 5 Alissa PUTHOFF [1.7.2.2.3]
b. 9 Sep 1995
- 5 Ben PUTHOFF [1.7.2.2.4]
b. 1997
- 5 Luke PUTHOFF [1.7.2.2.5]
b. 2000
- 5 Margaret PUTHOFF [1.7.2.2.6]
b. 2002
- 5 Ryan Augustine PUTHOFF [1.7.2.2.7]
b. 30 Nov 2004
- 5 Miriam Anne PUTHOFF [1.7.2.2.8]
b. 9 Nov 2008
- 5 Robert Lawrence PUTHOFF [1.7.2.2.1]
- 4 Karen PRENGER [1.7.2.3]
Eric MARTIN
- 5 Grace MARTIN [1.7.2.3.1]
- 5 Grace MARTIN [1.7.2.3.1]
- 4 Joseph PRENGER [1.7.2.4]
Tonya MOELLER
- 5 Carson PRENGER [1.7.2.4.1]
- 5 Carson PRENGER [1.7.2.4.1]
- 4 Sara Lynn PRENGER [1.7.2.5]
b. 2 Sep 1972 d. 22 Dec 1992
- 4 Jane Susan PRENGER [1.7.2.1]
- 3 Ronald HEMMELGARN [1.7.3]
- + Diane
- + Diane
- 3 Dennis HEMMELGARN [1.7.4]
b. 10 Sep 1945
Judith Ann GUDORF b. 14 May 1946 d. 23 Sep 2023
- 4 Anthony Dennis HEMMELGARN [1.7.4.1]
b. 31 Dec 1966
Kristine M b. 8 Apr 1966
- 5 Ben HEMMELGARN [1.7.4.1.1]
- 5 Camryn HEMMELGARN [1.7.4.1.2]
- 5 Ben HEMMELGARN [1.7.4.1.1]
- 4 Angela HEMMELGARN [1.7.4.2]
- 4 Jody HEMMELGARN [1.7.4.3]
BERGMAN
- 5 Brenna BERGMAN [1.7.4.3.1]
- 5 Jack BERGMAN [1.7.4.3.2]
- 5 Brenna BERGMAN [1.7.4.3.1]
- 4 Anthony Dennis HEMMELGARN [1.7.4.1]
- 3 Paulette D HEMMELGARN [1.7.5]
b. 4 Sep 1948 d. 18 Aug 2014
- 3 Mary HEMMELGARN [1.7.6]
b. 4 Sep 1948 d. 4 Sep 1948
- 3 Carol Ann HEMMELGARN [1.7.1]
- 2 Sister Lelia HEMMELGARN [1.8]
- 2 Olive B HEMMELGARN [1.1]